Impact of COVID-19 related lockdown on the metabolic profile of people with HIV infection in Argentina

Abstract

Background: The spread of SARS-CoV-2 required widespread lockdown to mitigate the pandemic. Argentine authorities imposed preventive social isolation for 234 days (March 20th to November 9th 2020). This measure led to major changes in the population’s lifestyle. Aim: To examine the influence of COVID-19 lockdown measures on the metabolic profile of HIV-infected patients in Argen-tina. Methods: Retrospective cohort study of 10,239 HIV-infected patients under follow up in a private clinic for HIV care. Adult patients with ongoing antiretroviral therapy (ART) and a baseline determination of blood glucose, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides done before lockdown (BL: second semester of 2019) and a second determination during lockdown (DL: May 2020) were included. Patients with recent changes in ART that may have metabolic impact, those starting lipid/glucose lowering agents and pregnant women were excluded. Categorical variables were compa-red using the χ2 test or Fisher’s exact test, and continuous variables using the t-test or the Mann-Whitney test. A two-tailed value of p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: 540 individuals were included, median of age was 47 years and 74.6% were male. Median body mass index was 26.1 and 94.6% had low cardiovascular risk. There was a significant increase in the percentage of patients that met criteria for hyperglycemia (BL 4.8% and DL 8.5%, p < 0.001). We also observed significant (p < 0.001) increase in median (IQR) BL vs DL values in LDL-cholesterol [109 (90-128) vs 118 (97-139) mg/dL]; and triglycerides [120 (87-172) vs. 132 mg/dL (96-184)]. The proportion of patients with hyper-LDL cholesterolemia accor-ding to individual cardiovascular risk increased from 12.6 to 17.2% (p = 0.04). Conclusions: Our results suggest that quarantine, at least in its initial phases, may have a negative impact on the metabolic profile of this population.