Enzymes and Nanoparticles Produced by Microorganisms and Their Applications in Biotechnology

Abstract

This chapter reports the most important microbial enzymes that have been studied extensively due to their production, low cost, purification, and characterization of their properties. Certain microorganisms have already been isolated from extreme sources under strict culture conditions. The aim of this process is to obtain isolated microbes that would have the capability to bio-synthesize special enzymes. Enzymes having special features and characteristics are needed by some bio-industries for their applications in preparation of necessary substrates and some renewable raw materials for production. The microbial enzymes serve as biocata-lysts to make reactions in bioprocesses in an economical, safe, and eco-friendly way instead of utilizing chemical catalysts. Researchers benefited from the special features and characteristics of enzymes for their commercial interest and industrial applications, which involve thermotolerance, thermophilic nature, tolerance to a varied range of pH, stability of enzyme activity over a range of temperature and pH, and other harsh reaction conditions. It is assured that such enzymes have the utility in bio-applications such as food industry, leather and textile production, animal feed manufacturing, and in bioconversions.