Physical implementation of large-scale quantum computation

Abstract

The development of large-scale quantum computing started rapidly in 1994 after the presentation of the factoring algorithm by Peter Shor. In this review, the basic requirements for the successful implementation of quantum algorithms on physical systems are first discussed and then a few basic concepts in actual information processing are presented. After that, the current situation is evaluated, concentrating on the most promising methods for which actual experimental progress has taken place. Among these are trapped ions, nuclear spins, and various solid-state structures such as quantum dots and Josephson junctions.