Evolution of echolocation

Abstract

Basic information about echolocation by bats includes aspects of signal design. Specifically the importance of timing, frequencies in the signals and patterns of frequency change over time are considered along with how bats use harmonics in echolocation signals. Also covered are aspects of signal strength and how bats adjust their echolocation behaviour in areas of clutter. The ways in which bats deal with forward masking (self-deafening) are considered along with differences in duty cycle (low duty cycle, separate pulse and echo in time; high duty cycle separate them in frequency). The importance of echolocation signals in communication also is covered. This information about echolocation is then presented in a phylogenetic context including a discussion of the origin of echolocation and its importance in the diversification of bats.