An enhanced GEAR protocol for wireless sensor networks

Abstract

This chapter reflects the enhanced Geographical energy-aware routing in wireless sensor network, where the separation of nodes is totally done on the basis of their position which is further obtained by Global Positioning System. Sink node or Base Station is fixed far away from the sensed area and entry node is fixed at the central point of the sensed area. A threshold value of distance has been defined. If the obtained distance of nodes from gateway node and sink node is relatively smaller than the threshold value of distance then in that case transmission of data takes place directly. If the calculated distance is more than that of threshold value then isolate the nodes into the identical areas. Now for each area, a cluster head is nominated for data transmission. Nomination of cluster head is done on the basis of probability function and residual energy of nodes. Finally, the proposed routing protocol displays better results in terms of network lifetime, network energy consumption and packet transmission to the base station compared to the existing routing protocol.