Social outcomes in schizophrenia

Abstract

Background: Outcomes reflecting the social situation are widely considered as important in the treatment of people with schizophrenia. Aims: To review concepts of social outcomes in schizophrenia and the corresponding assessment instruments. Method: Non-systematic literature review and reflection on conceptual and methodological issues. Results: Concepts of social outcomes in schizophrenia lack agreed definitions and theoretical models. A fundamental issue is the distinction between objective and subjective indicators. More research has focused on subjective indicators, which are only weakly correlated with objective life situation and show consistent correlations with mood. Various assessment instruments have been developed pragmatically, particularly to measure quality of life and social functioning, and the literature provides extensive data for comparison. Conclusions: Established instruments exist to measure social outcomes in schizophrenia. Their use requires an awareness of the specific strengths and limitations.