Neurological TB in HIV

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Abstract

Central nervous system (CNS) tuberculosis (TB) is the worst form of TB and may present as (1) intracranial pathology, including tuberculous meningitis (TBM), tuberculoma/abscess, and rarely cerebritis or encephalopathy (described in children) and, (2) intraspinal disease. HIV co-infection increases the risk of developing CNS TB substantially, especially in patients with severe immunosuppression (CD4 count <100 cells/μL). In this chapter, we discuss the pathogenesis, clinical and imaging findings, management and outcomes of the most frequent forms of CNS TB in HIV co-infected patients. We further review the features and management of a frequently fatal complication related to starting antiretroviral therapy (ART), namely neurological TB immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS).

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Bovijn, L., Solomons, R., & Marais, S. (2019). Neurological TB in HIV. In HIV and Tuberculosis: A Formidable Alliance (pp. 295–334). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29108-2_13

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