Anatomy and physiology of androgen regulation in men

Abstract

The purpose of this chapter is to provide the reader with an understanding of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis relative to the production of androgens and sperm in the testes. The physiologic action of the androgens will be reviewed as well. A detailed discussion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and its effect on the anterior pituitary regarding production and release of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) with the end result in production of testosterone and spermatozoa will be outlined. The conversion and actions of androgens will be discussed. The two main pathways leading to the initiation of androgen action will be presented, as is a review of hormonal regulation of spermatogenesis. The variation of testicular function as men age will be discussed.