Individual and population risks

Abstract

This chapter begins with a definition of risk in epidemiology, which is then illustrated by two examples: the case of formaldehyde and the case of nuclear risks, both contrasting individual and collective risks. Individual versus population risks are presented as an emblematic risk/benefit evaluation. The section further discusses the societal issues related to vaccination, such as vaccination campaigns and quarantines during epidemics. Uncertain risks are discussed based on the case of electromagnetic waves, whose risks are not well known but have been largely publicized. The latter example is in contrast with the red meat caution recently published regarding long-term consequences of regular consumption. The consequences of the precautionary principle are presented. Finally as a psychiatrist, the author underlines the mental health consequences of risks to mental health, which are mostly ignored. She ends the chapter with the description of individual resilience to stressors and individual risk factors for mental health problems related to trauma exposure, as well as work-related risks including burnout.