Spontaneous Haematomas in Anticoagulated Covid-19 Patients: Diagnosis and Treatment by Embolization

Abstract

Purpose: To assess the safety and efficacy of embolization for spontaneous bleeding in anticoagulated patients with COVID-19. Material and Methods: Single center retrospective study in 9 patients with COVID-19 who experienced bleeding complications following anticoagulation. The study included 8 men and 1 woman aged from 48 to 80 years (mean 69.7 years), who had a total of 10 soft tissue haematomas: 1 in the thigh, 1 in the anterior abdominal wall, 6 retroperitoneal and 2 thoracic haematomas. All patients were referenced for vascular embolization, mostly with Onyx-18. Results: A total of 10 haematomas were embolized in 9 patients. Technical success was achieved in all patients. No complications or adverse events were noted. One patient required percutaneous drainage of an infected haematoma 88 days after embolization. The mean hemoglobin level before embolization was 8,64 mg/dL and increased to 9,08 mg/dL after embolization (p = 0,3). After embolization all patients recovered haemodynamic stability and blood pressure levels improved. Seven patients resumed anticoagulation therapy after embolization. There were no recurrences or new bleedings in all treated patients. No patients required any additional invasive therapies or surgery. Mean intensive unit care and hospital stay was 6.7 and 35.2 days, respectively. All patients were discharged and were well at follow-up clinic visits 2–7 months after embolization. Seven patients performed a control CT scan 1–6 months after embolization, showing complete resolution of the haematoma. Conclusion: Embolization is safe and effective to treat spontaneous haematomas in anticoagulated patients with COVID-19, allowing to resume anticoagulation therapy. Level of evidence IV Level 4, case-series.