3D printing of functional bioengineered constructs for neural regeneration: A review

Abstract

Highlights Various 3D printing techniques for neural tissue-engineered scaffolds or living cell-laden constructs are summarized and compared. Strategies by integrating topographical, biochemical and electroactive cues inside 3D-printed neural constructs for functional neural regeneration were introduced. The typical applications of 3D-printed bioengineered constructs are demonstrated. The challenges and future outlook associated with 3D printing for functional neural constructs in various categories are discussed.