Self-regulation, mind wandering, and cognitive absorption during technology use

Abstract

Interaction with technology involves not only externally directed cognition, but also internally directed cognition. Although the information systems (IS) field has made a significant progress toward understanding of how individuals use technology, more emphasis has been given to goal-directed external activity that requires focused external attention and less or no emphasis on goal-directed internal activity called mind wandering. Drawing upon the emerging cognitive neuroscience literature, the current research investigates the relationships between self-regulation, mind wandering, and cognitive absorption. Specifically, we hypothesize there is a U-shape relationship between mind wandering and cognitive absorption. Based on a cross-sectional study of 323 individuals, the results reveal that the relationship between mind wandering and cognitive absorption is curve-linear. As mind wandering increases, cognitive absorption decreases to a certain point, after which, cognitive absorption increases as mind wandering increases. The results also show self-regulation has a significant effect on mind wandering and cognitive absorption.