Optimal storage operation with model predictive control in the German transmission grid

Abstract

In this paper, a model predictive control approach is presented to optimize generator and storage operation in the German transmission grid over time spans of hours to several days. In each optimization, a full AC model with typical OPF constraints such as voltage or line capacity limits is used. With given RES and load profiles, inter-temporal constraints such as generator ramping and storage energy are included. Jacobian and Hessian matrices are provided to the solver to enable a fast problem formulation, but the computational bottleneck still lies in solving the linear Newton step. The deviation in storage operation when comparing the solution over the entire horizon of 96 h against the model predictive control is shown in the German transmission grid. The results show that horizons of around 24 h are sufficient with today’s storage capacity, but must be extended when increasing the latter.