Normalizing Effect of Heat Treatment Processing on 17-4 PH Stainless Steel Manufactured by Powder Bed Fusion

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Abstract

Laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF)-processed 17-4 PH stainless steel (SS) generally exhibits a non-equilibrium microstructure consisting mostly of columnar δ-ferrite grains and a substantial fraction of retained austenite and martensite, contrary to 17-4 PH SS wrought with a fully martensite structure and coarse grains. Despite the different microstructures of L-PBF and wrought 17-4 PH SS, post-processing is typically performed using the conventional heat treatment method. The insufficient effect of the heat treatment on the L-PBF product produces a δ-ferrite phase in the microstructure. To obtain improved mechanical properties, the addition of a normalizing treatment to the conventional heat treatment after L-PBF in a nitrogen gas environment was investigated. The fully martensitic matrix developed by adding the normalizing treatment contained homogeneous Cu precipitates and exhibited a similar or improved strength and elongation to failure compared to the wrought SS.

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Yeon, S. M., Yoon, J., Kim, T. B., Lee, S. H., Jun, T. S., Son, Y., & Choi, K. (2022). Normalizing Effect of Heat Treatment Processing on 17-4 PH Stainless Steel Manufactured by Powder Bed Fusion. Metals, 12(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/met12050704

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