Prevalence of Stress and Depression among University Students in Egypt During The COVID-19 Pandemic

Abstract

Background: Mental health issues have been increasing globally, especially among university students. The pandemic of COVID-19 has aggravated this pre-existing and serious problem. Objective: This study aimed to assess the levels of stress and depression and to determine their association with demographic variables among Egyptian university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted on mainly medical Egyptian university students. A total of 1470 participants completed the electronic anonymous online survey containing Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Results: Among 1470 participants, 10.9% have moderately severe depression and 6.1% have severe depression. Moreover, 77.6% reported moderate stress, 16.3% reported low stress, and 6.2% reported high stress. There was significant strong positive correlation between depression and stress among participants (r = 0.815, p < 0.001). The significant predictors for depression were age between 18 and 20 years, female sex, presence of chronic diseases, and presence of friends or relatives diagnosed with COVID-19. The significant predictors for stress were age between 18 and 20 years, female sex, presence of friends or relatives diagnosed with COVID-19, and medical faculties. Conclusions: During the COVID-19 pandemic, most university students in Egypt showed moderate to high level of stress, and about one-third had moderate to severe depression. Younger age, female sex and having a relative or friend diagnosed with COVID-19 were significant predictors for high stress level and depression. Psychological interventions for university students during the COVID-19 pandemic are strongly recommended to promote their mental health and improve academic achievement.