Remineralization Potential of Lacto se- free and Plant based milk on Enamel surface of Human teeth subjected to Energy Drinks

Abstract

Objective: Multiple etiological factors contribute to the process of erosion and destruction of enamel. Among which, carbonated soft beverages and energy drinks are the most aggressive extrinsic causes. The consumption of milk whether bovine or plant based highly contributes to the remineralization process. Design: Thirty five freshly extracted sound human maxillary first premolars were used and randomly divided into the following groups; Group I (Control group): included 5 teeth immersed in distilled water. Group II (Power Horse group): 15 teeth were immersed in 330ml of the drink. Group III (Cornelius group): 15 teeth were immersed in 330ml of the energy drink. After 10 days, the teeth were further randomly divided as follows (5 teeth each); Group IV (Power Horse +Lactose free milk), Group V (Power Horse +Almond milk), Group VI (Cornelius +Lactose free milk) and Group VII (Cornelius +Almond milk). Teeth of groups IV-VII were placed in both types of milk for 5 days where the milk was changed every 2 hrs. The remaining teeth from groups II and III (5 teeth each) were kept in distilled water. At the end of the experimental period, the teeth were prepared for SEM examination, EDX and statistical analyses. Results: SEM examination showed that surface erosion was more aggressive in Power Horse group (II) when compared to Cornelius group (III). Furthermore, the results revealed better remineralizing effect in groups IV and VI (lactose free treated) rather than those treated with almond milk (groups V and VII). EDX results presented statistically significant decrease in Ca and P wt % in group II compared to group III. Statistically significant increase in Ca and P wt % in group IV in relation to group V and similarly, significant increase in group VI compared to group VII were also detected. Conclusion: Energy drinks produce erosive defects of varying intensity on the enamel surface of human teeth. The intake of remineralizing agents; such as milk, immediately following every meal containing acidic diet is mandatory to reverse the demineralization process.