Mediastinal masses

Abstract

Mediastinal masses are defined by a combination of clinical and radiological features caused by the existence of abnormal structures in the mediastinum. The mediastinum is the body compartment limited by the sternum, the spine, the diaphragm and the lungs. It is divided into three parts. Anterior Mediastinum is limited anteriorly by the posterior surface of the sternum, posteriorly by the anterior face of the great vessels, trachea, and pericardial sac, and on each side of the pleura and lungs. It contains the thymus, great vessels and a network of lymphatic structures. Middle Mediastinum is circumscribed in the classical anatomic description by the pericardium. It includes the trachea, main stern bronchi the heart, the great vessels, and the hilar lymph. Posterior Mediastinum lies behind a line passing in front of the tracheal bifurcation and extending to the paravertebral space. It contains the thoracic esophagus, the sympathetic nerves chain and a part of the great vessels (Aorta, Azygos Vein).