Plants of Indian traditional medicine with antioxidant activity

Abstract

Oxidative stress is associated with increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can pose a threat to cells by causing lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, nucleic acid damage, enzyme inhibition and activation of cell death pathways. An uncontrollable production of ROS may lead to organ dysfunction and diseases. It has been well documented in the last few decades that antioxidant compounds are the major agents that eliminate/scavenge ROS hence inhibiting oxidative stress and hindering the onset and development of non communicable chronic diseases (NCDs). Naturally occurring antioxidant compounds in plants may contribute to their potential dietary, nutritious and curative activities against ROS-induced oxidative cellular damage and NCDs. India is endowed with a variety of natural resources and flora with antioxidant principles that can be used in traditional medicine aimed at maintaining health and curing NCDs. Indian plants are important sources of alkaloids and phenolic compounds with potential antioxidant activities. Ancient texts of Ayurveda and Charaka Samhita mention innumerable herbal formulations in the treatment of NCDs that we know are caused due to oxidative stress and free-radical damage. Scientists around the world have shown interest in the Indian system of medicine and have realized the potential of Indian plants against ROS-induced cellular damage and NCDs. Plants mentioned in the texts of Indian traditional medicine are discussed here so as to project a picture of Indian flora as potential sources of antioxidants in the prevention and management of human NCDs.