Age and activity effects on rate of bone mineral loss

Abstract

It has been postulated that the rate of mineral loss in postmenopausal women remains constant with aging and that the decreased activities of daily living associated with aging contribute to mineral loss. These hypotheses were examined by measuring the bone mineral content at the midshaft of the radius with the photon absorption technique. The estimated rate of loss was calculated in a cross sectional study as the regression coefficient of bone mineral content vs. age and in a longitudinal study as the regression coefficient of bone mineral content vs. time. In the cross sectional study, Group A, which consisted of 264 women aged 50-72 yr, had an estimated rate of loss of -0.0114±0.0014 (SE) g/cm per yr. Group B, which consisted of 266 women aged 73-96 yr, had an estimated rate of loss of -0.0055±0.0017 g/cm per yr. In the longitudinal study, Group C consisted of 33 women aged 51-65 yr who were followed for an average of 4.5 yr with a mean number of 16 visits per subject; they were found to have a mean rate of loss of -0.00990±0.00107 g/cm per yr. Group D consisted of 38 women aged 70-91 yr who were followed for an average of 3.8 yr with a mean number of 31 visits per subject; they were found to have a mean rate of loss of -0.00020±0.00236 g/cm per yr. The estimated and directly measured rates of loss were more rapid in the younger groups than in the older groups (A vs. B, P <0.001; C vs. D, P <0.001). These data demonstrate that the mean rate of mineral loss is not constant with aging and that in elderly subjects it is significantly slower than that of the earlier postmenopausal years. Since the elderly women were the less active, these findings suggest that factors other than decreased physical activity are more important in determining the rates of mineral loss.