Determination of lightning origins in a thunderstorm model

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Abstract

The origins of lightning are determined through a thunderstorm electricity model (Takahashi, 1984) with inclusion of a discharge process. Lightning origins are found to vary greatly with microphysical parameters. The calculations successfully simulate the following: the initial appearance of lightning at the cloud top followed by low level lightning; two layers of origin in maritime thunderstorm lightning as opposed to only one layer of origin in continental thunderstorms; the maintenance of a negative charge source at -10°C; and shallow level lightning due to interactions between the main cloud cell and the induced second cloud cell in maritime thunderstorms.

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APA

Takahashi, T. (1987). Determination of lightning origins in a thunderstorm model. Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan, 65(5), 777–794. https://doi.org/10.2151/jmsj1965.65.5_777

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