Hierarchies in networks: Emerging hybrids of networks and hierarchies for producing internet security

Abstract

Networked governance is the default modus operandi in Internet governance. Even the provisioning of Internet security heavily relies on non-hierarchical, networked forms of organisation. Responses to large-scale botnets show the prevalence of networked governance and provide insight into its strengths and limitations. Networked governance can be defined as a semi-permanent, voluntary negotiation system that allows interdependent actors to opt for collaboration or unilateral action in the absence of an overarching authority. This chapter analyses the ability of traditional powerful actors such as state authorities and large enterprises to provide Internet security and exert power in the cyber-domain. The chapter outlines potential anchor points for traditional powerful actors to introduce more elements of hierarchy and control into Internet security provisioning networks. Empirically, the chapter describes emerging hybrids of networks and hierarchies in Internet security provisioning.