Exploring the Complexities and Challenges of Plastic Recycling: A Comprehensive Research Review

Abstract

This chapter discusses the challenges related to recycling one of the most commonly used plastics worldwide—polyethylene (PE). Although PE is widely used for packaging materials due to its low cost and durability, it is difficult to recycle due to its physical and chemical properties. One of the primary challenges associated with recycling PE is identifying and separating different types of PE, which have varying properties. This makes it challenging to obtain high-quality recycled materials that meet industry standards. Furthermore, contaminants such as food residue and other materials can adversely affect the quality of recycled PE. The chapter also highlights technical difficulties involved in the recycling process, such as the need for specialized equipment and the high energy consumption required for melting and reforming the plastic. Economic challenges such as the high cost of the recycling infrastructure and the low value of recycled materials compared to virgin plastic are also addressed. The chapter stresses the significance of investing in research and development to create new technologies and methods that can overcome these challenges and make PE recycling more feasible, both economically and environmentally. Additionally, reducing plastic waste at source by adopting measures such as minimizing packaging and encouraging the use of alternative materials is equally important.