Six sources of altruism: Springs of morality and solidarity

Abstract

This chapter presents an ideal typology regarding six primary sources of altruism, by which I mean a motivationally other-regarding action that will tend, as a side effect, to provide the agent with enhanced gratification and meaning so long as he or she is not overwhelmed. Altruism does not depend on reciprocity, although reciprocity should be accepted and affirmed as a by-product when it arises. Altruism need not include self-sacrifice, although in its more demanding modulations it can. In general, altruism is the groundwork of social solidarity and morality.