CO 2 effects on plant nutrient concentration depend on plant functional group and available nitrogen: A meta-analysis

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Abstract

Elevated CO 2 is expected to lower plant nutrient concentrations via carbohydrate dilution and increased nutrient use efficiency. Elevated CO 2 consistently lowers plant foliar nitrogen, but there is no consensus on CO 2 effects across the range of plant nutrients. We used meta-analysis to quantify elevated CO 2 effects on leaf, stem, root, and seed concentrations of B, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, P, S, and Zn among four plant functional groups and two levels of N fertilization. CO 2 effects on plant nutrient concentration depended on the nutrient, plant group, tissue, and N status. CO 2 reduced B, Cu, Fe, and Mg, but increased Mn concentration in the leaves of N 2 fixers. Elevated CO 2 increased Cu, Fe, and Zn, but lowered Mn concentration in grass leaves. Tree leaf responses were strongly related to N status: CO 2 significantly decreased Cu, Fe, Mg, and S at high N, but only Fe at low N. Elevated CO 2 decreased Mg and Zn in crop leaves grown with high N, and Mn at low N. Nutrient concentrations in crop roots were not affected by CO 2 enrichment, but CO 2 decreased Ca, K, Mg and P in tree roots. Crop seeds had lower S under elevated CO 2. We also tested the validity of a "dilution model." CO 2 reduced the concentration of plant nutrients 6. 6% across nutrients and plant groups, but the reduction is less than expected (18. 4%) from carbohydrate accumulation alone. We found that elevated CO 2 impacts plant nutrient status differently among the nutrient elements, plant functional groups, and among plant tissues. Our synthesis suggests that differences between plant groups and plant organs, N status, and differences in nutrient chemistry in soils preclude a universal hypothesis strictly related to carbohydrate dilution regarding plant nutrient response to elevated CO 2. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.

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Duval, B. D., Blankinship, J. C., Dijkstra, P., & Hungate, B. A. (2012). CO 2 effects on plant nutrient concentration depend on plant functional group and available nitrogen: A meta-analysis. Plant Ecology, 213(3), 505–521. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11258-011-9998-8

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