Megas for Strivers: The Politics of Second-Order Events

Abstract

This chapter focuses on the distinct character and impact of ‘second’ and ‘third-order’ mega-events – the many ‘sub-global’ or regional events versus truly global events like the Olympics and FIFA World Cup. While there are certain core similarities between first and second-order events, there are also some critical differences that reduce some risks and increase others for second-order hosts. In particular, the lower profile of second order events mean that the risks of perceived failures are limited, but the potential for ‘capture’ by the interests of powerful boosters is accentuated. The chapter discusses key similarities and differences, why various countries and cities pursue second-order hosting opportunities, and the distinct profile of risks and biases associated with second-order events.