Cognitive Impairment Affects Physical Recovery of Patients with Heart Failure Undergoing Intensive Cardiac Rehabilitation

Abstract

Purpose . To determine whether the presence of cognitive impairment (CI) affects physical recovery of patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) undergoing a cardiac rehabilitation program (CRP). Methods . We enrolled 80 CHF patients (M/F = 53/27). CI was evaluated by means of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), exercise tolerance was evaluated by six-minute walking test (6 mwt). All patients underwent a 6-week CRP program at 50–70% of maximal VO2 . Patients were divided into two groups according to their MMSE (group 1: 16–23; group 2: 24–30). Results . MMSE resulted directly related to ejection fraction ( r=0.42 ; P=0.03 ), and it was inversely related to creatinine ( r=-0.36 ; P=0.04 ). At 6 week group 1 had a lower increase in distance walked at 6 MWT than group 2 ( P=0.008 ). At multivariate logistic regression MMSE 16–23 predicted a reduced exercise recovery in the overall population (OR = 1.84; 95% CI = 1.50–2.18) and in women (OR = 1.42; 95% CI = 1.22–1.75), while it was not predicted in males. Conclusions . CI is a marker of advanced CHF and is an independent predictor of lower exercise recovery after CRP.