Effects of forage-to-concentrate ratio and dietary fiber manipulation on gas emissions and olfactometry from manure of Holstein heifers

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Abstract

The objective of this experiment was to determine the effects of differing ratios of forage to concentrate (F:C) and fiber levels on odor and gas emissions from manure. Eight Holstein dairy heifers (362.45±4.53 d of age and 335.6±7.41kg of body weight) were randomly assigned to a split-plot, 4×4 Latin square design (21-d periods) with F:C as the whole plot (20 or 80% forage) and fiber level as sub-plot (0, 20, 40, or 60% inclusion of corn stover). Gas concentration was determined using an infrared photoacoustic analyzer over a 24-h period using a steady-state flux chamber setup. Odorous air samples were collected from chamber headspace and evaluated by 6h uman assessors using a forced-choice dynamic olfactometry technique. Emissions of CO2 were greater for the low than high concentrate diets, and no differences were observed for NH3 and CH4 emissions between F:C. Although F:C had no effect on NH3 emissions, as dietary fiber increased, a linear interaction with opposite effects was found for high and low concentrate diets. Nitrous oxide emissions were below minimum detectable levels. Neither F:C nor neutral detergent fiber level affected odor intensity. Odor emissions were successfully assessed, and manipulation of dietary fiber has the potential to influence CH4 and NH3 emissions.

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Lascano, G. J., Heinrichs, A. J., Gary, R. R., Topper, P. A., Brandt, R. C., Adviento-Borbe, A., & Fabian, E. E. (2015). Effects of forage-to-concentrate ratio and dietary fiber manipulation on gas emissions and olfactometry from manure of Holstein heifers. Journal of Dairy Science, 98(3), 1928–1937. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2014-8633

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