Influence of the rotational alignment of the femoral and patellar components on patellar tilt in total knee arthroplasty

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of rotational alignment of the femoral and patellar components on patellar tilt after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Materials and Methods: A total of 56 patients (76 knees) who underwent TKA using Advance Medial Pivot Knee system between May 2009 and April 2011 and were available for minimum 1-year follow-up were enrolled in this study. Whiteside’s line and the transepicondylar line were used to determine the rotational alignment of the femoral component. Patella cut was aimed to be parallel to the anterior patellar cortex during surgery. Radiographic evaluation was performed using plain axial radiographs. The rotational alignment of the femoral component was measured as the angle between the anterior condylar axis and the surgical transepicondylar axis. The patellar resection angle was measured between the patellar resection axis and the anterior cortical line of the patella. Patellar tilt was evaluated to investigate the correlation with the rotation of the femoral component and patellar resection angle. Results: The mean rotation of the femoral component was 0.42o±3.18o of internal rotation. The mean patellar resection angle was 1.82o±3.44o, indicating medial overresection. The mean patellar tilt was 6.12o±4.31o of lateral tilt. The rotational angle of the femoral component showed a negative correlation with patellar tilt in the linear regression analysis (p=0.749), but the patellar resection angle showed a positive correlation with patellar tilt (p<0.001). Conclusions: Accurate patellar resection is recommended for proper patellar tracking in TKA.