Evaluation of growth, yield characteristics and oil components of two chia (Salvia hispanica L.) Varieties in Different Planting Dates

Abstract

Background: Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) is an herbaceous annual plant of the Lamiaceae family. Chia seeds are rich source of omega-3 fatty acids (a-linoleic acid), proteins, soluble and insoluble fibers, vitamins, minerals and natural antioxidants. Objective: Study of growth, development, yield and oil quality of white and black Chia seeds in different planting dates. Methods: In order to study the possibility of Chia production in Iran, a factorial field trial was carried out based on a completely randomized block design with four replications, at Safiabad Agriculture Research Center (Dezful). Treatments included two different varieties of Chia (black and white) and six planting dates. Results: Planting date altered vegetative and reproductive characteristics of both Chia varieties. The best yield from both Chia varieties was observed in plants grown from the first planting date (October). Black Chia showed better yield in terms of seed production (76.68 g/m2) and oil content (36.6%) compared to the white variety. α-linolenic acid was the major component of both black (54.0%) and white Chia (61.0%). Conclusion: Both varieties of Chia showed suitable adaptation in the climate of Dezful. By planting on October, Chia plants could receive enough short days and produce seeds. Suitable oil yield and quality was obtained for both Chia varieties. By optimizing of other parameters, economic seed yield will be achievable.