Butorphanol is a synthetic opiate of the cyclorphan series which possesses both narcotic agonist and antagonist properties. The drug has been characterized pharmacologically and clinically in humans as an analgesic and as a component of balanced anaesthesia, and in dogs it has been used as an antitussive agent.
CITATION STYLE
Gingerich, D. A., Rourke, J. E., Strom, P. W., Gordon, L. L., & Kalpravidh, M. (1986). Analgesic activity of butorphanol in horses: dosage titration and clinical studies. In Comparative Veterinary Pharmacology, Toxicology and Theraphy (pp. 33–44). Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4153-3_4
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