Metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk in primary hypertension

Abstract

The metabolic syndrome can be found in approximately one third of patients who do not have diabetes but have primary hypertension. Its presence has been associated with a wide range of traditional and nontraditional cardiovascular risk factors and early signs of cardiovascular and renal damage. Moreover, it was emphasized recently that the metabolic syndrome predicts an increased probability of sustaining a cardiovascular event or dying. In the clinical setting of insulin resistance, attention should be paid to the metabolic side effects of antihypertensive drugs; therefore, preference should be given to renin-angiotensin system inhibitors and calcium channel blockers rather than to β blockers and diuretics. Copyright © 2006 by the American Society of Nephrology.