Comparing Various Diets as Sources of Zinc with Special Reference to Fruits and Vegetables

Abstract

Minerals, especially zinc, are micronutrient of special importance to human health and well-being. It is an essential component of more than 300 enzymes playing important roles in gene expression, enzyme reactions, immune function, protein synthesis, DNA synthesis, and various other important metabolic reactions. This makes it important for growth and development of the body and for wound healing. Since zinc cannot be synthesized and stored by humans, a regular supply of the mineral through food is required. Zn deficiency results in poor health, low fertility, and even premature death in children. It is reported that around 17% of world population is at risk of inadequate Zn intake and around one lakh children (less than 5 years) die every year due to Zn deficiency. According to Food and Nutrition Board, USA, the daily recommended Zn requirement of men and women is 11 and 8 mg, respectively. Therefore, foods rich in Zn such as meat, oysters, legumes, seeds, nuts, dairy foods, eggs, whole grains, some fruits and vegetables, and dark chocolate must be included in the diet to combat Zn deficiency. Oysters are one of the richest sources of Zn, however, keeping in view the availability, one of the most commonly available sources of Zn can be red meat and poultry. This chapter compares different foods as sources of Zn, especially fruits and vegetables. This chapter also discusses the causes of Zn deficiency in humans due to different dietary habits.