The dialysis circuit can be considered as a closed-loop system that begins and ends at the heart. Any obstruction or stenosis within this circuit can lead to access failure. Therefore, a good knowledge of normal vascular anatomy and its variant in the upper limb, thorax and thigh is crucial in the management of dialysis vascular access.
CITATION STYLE
Ahmad, S., Tan, C. S., Wu, S., & Beathard, G. A. (2021). Vascular anatomy for hemodialysis access. In Dialysis Access Management: Second Edition (pp. 63–72). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52994-9_7
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