Número y Disposición de los Forámenes Apicales en la Superficie Radicular de Primeros Premolares Superiores

Abstract

The first maxillary premolar tooth has a high variation in its anatomy and morphology. Therefore, knowledge of its anatomy is important at the time of endodontic treatment. The purpose of this study was to describe frequency, number and arrangement of apical foramen in external root apical region in maxillary first premolar. We studied under microscopy (4x) of 141 root of first maxillary premolar single-rooted teeth (51) and double-rooted teeth (49) in Chilean population; where the number of major apical foramen and accessories (foraminas), major foramen location and distance from it to the anatomical apex was observed. In single-rooted teeth the emergence of one or two major foramen was found, averaging 2.5 foramina accessory. In double-rooted teeth the emergence of one foramen was observed with an average of 1.3 foraminas by root. It was established that there were no significant differences in the location of the major foramen between the mesial-distal-palatal surfaces in single-rooted teeth. In double-rooted teeth the major apical foramen was observed in all root surfaces without significant differences between them. The average distance between the major foramen and the anatomic apex foramen was 0.819 mm. In conclusion, the first premolars of Chilean population, have a changeable and complex apical anatomy, in relation to the number of foramina, the number of foramen and its location.