Translational regulation shapes the molecular landscape of complex disease phenotypes

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Abstract

The extent of translational control of gene expression in mammalian tissues remains largely unknown. Here we perform genome-wide RNA sequencing and ribosome profiling in heart and liver tissues to investigate strain-specific translational regulation in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR/Ola). For the most part, transcriptional variation is equally apparent at the translational level and there is limited evidence of translational buffering. Remarkably, we observe hundreds of strain-specific differences in translation, almost doubling the number of differentially expressed genes. The integration of genetic, transcriptional and translational data sets reveals distinct signatures in 3′UTR variation, RNA-binding protein motifs and miRNA expression associated with translational regulation of gene expression. We show that a large number of genes associated with heart and liver traits in human genome-wide association studies are primarily translationally regulated. Capturing interindividual differences in the translated genome will lead to new insights into the genes and regulatory pathways underlying disease phenotypes.

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Schafer, S., Adami, E., Heinig, M., Rodrigues, K. E. C., Kreuchwig, F., Silhavy, J., … Hubner, N. (2015). Translational regulation shapes the molecular landscape of complex disease phenotypes. Nature Communications, 6. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms8200

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