Opioid Prescribing by Physicians With and Without Electronic Health Records

Abstract

Background: Physicians in the U.S. are adopting electronic health records (EHRs) at an unprecedented rate. However, little is known about how EHR use relates to physicians’ care decisions. Using nationally representative data, we estimated how using practice-based EHRs relates to opioid prescribing in primary care. Methods: This study analyzed 33,090 visits to primary care physicians (PCPs) in the 2007–2010 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey. We used logistic regression to compare opioid prescribing by PCPs with and without EHRs. Results: Thirteen percent of all visits and 33 % of visits for chronic noncancer pain resulted in an opioid prescription. Compared to visits without EHRs, visits to physicians with EHRs had 1.38 times the odds of an opioid prescription (95 % CI, 1.22–1.56). Among visits for chronic noncancer pain, physicians with EHRs had significantly higher odds of an opioid prescription (adj. OR = 1.39; 95 % CI, 1.03–1.88). Chronic pain visits involving electronic clinical notes were also more likely to result in an opioid prescription compared to chronic pain visits without (adj. OR = 1.51; 95 % CI, 1.10–2.05). Chronic pain visits involving electronic test ordering were also more likely to result in an opioid prescription compared to chronic pain visits without (adj. OR = 1.31; 95 % CI, 1.01–1.71). Conclusions: We found higher levels of opioid prescribing among physicians with EHRs compared to those without. These results highlight the need to better understand how using EHR systems may influence physician prescribing behavior so that EHRs can be designed to reliably guide physicians toward high quality care.