Toxicity assessment of chlorpyrifos on different organs of rat: exploitation of microbial-based enzymatic system for neutralization

Abstract

This study was aiming to treat the chlorpyrifos (CPF), an organophosphate (OP) pesticide with microbial enzyme extract, and assess the toxicity effects of CPF before/after its treatment on the integrity of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and the activities of enzymes AChE (acetylcholinestrase), GST (glutathione S-transferase), SOD (superoxide dismutase), CAT (catalase), and MDA (malondialdehyde) in different organs of rat. The untreated CPF in rat significantly increased the DNA damage and decreased the activities of all these enzymes. Among all the organs studied, the liver was the most affected organ. Further, CPF was treated with an OPH (organophosphate hydrolase) enzyme obtained from CPF degrading bacterial laboratory isolate Pseudomonas sp. (ChlD) to neutralize the toxicity of CPF. The crude intracellular enzyme extract degraded > 90% of added CPF and > 80% of its toxic intermediate 3,5,6-trichloropyridinol (TCP) which resulted in > 80% reduction of CPF toxicity in different organs of rat. Thus, this study not only illustrated the adverse effect of OPs on mammalian system but also suggested a highly efficient and eco-friendly way to remove the harmful pesticide from the environment and agricultural food products which may help to reduce the exposure of humans to such lethal toxicants.