Heavy Metal Contamination from Construction Materials

Abstract

Construction or building materials can pose a major public health challenge because they can act as pollutant emission sources. Building materials lead to the contamination of heavy metal. Despite several discoveries as regards the adverse health effects of heavy metals, there is an increase in heavy metal exposure especially in underdeveloped and developing countries. Lead pipes are used within buildings. Lead that dissolves into the drinking water from lead pipes is a threat to human health. The peeling and cracking of lead-based paint is also a major health concern as it has been reported that it affects young children’s brain and sense organs. In adults, lead accumulation can lead to high blood pressure, reproduction dysfunction and sometimes death. This chapter focuses on the use of lead and other heavy metals in buildings and their toxicity to humans. The assessment of the risk associated with lead in drinking water is also discussed. In addition, lead pipe replacement is also deliberated. The chapter also reflects on other heavy metals which include cadmium, chromium and mercury with respect to their uses, toxicity and health effects on indoor pollution. Biological monitoring of cadmium, chromium and mercury are also explained.