Prevalence and Associated Factors of Depression among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients on Follow up at Ambo General Hospital, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia, Institutional Based Cross Sectional Study

Abstract

Background and Introduction The global prevalence of diabetes is continuously rising. It is estimated that almost 285 million people are currently suffering from diabetes worldwide and the number is expected to rise to 438 million by the year 2030; more than 70% of these people reside in developing countries [1]. Similarly, depression affects all populations worldwide, but more than two-thirds of the affected people live in developing countries [2]. Both diabetes and depression are associated with premature morbidity and mortality, and when these conditions co-exist, the risk of developing co-morbidities, complications, patient suffering and associated cost, escalates [3,4]. Depression is a significant contributor to the global burden of disease and affects people in all communities across the world. Depressive disorders often start at a young age; they reduce people's functioning and often are recurring. For these reasons, depression is the leading cause of disability worldwide in terms of total years lost due to disability. Depression is a common mental disorder that presents with depressed mood, loss of interest or pleasure, decreased energy, feelings of guilt or low self-worth, disturbed sleep or appetite, and poor concentration. Moreover, depression often comes with symptoms of anxiety. These problems can become chronic or recurrent and lead to substantial impairments in an individual's ability to take care of his or her everyday responsibilities [5]. Studies conducted in different countries on prevalence of depression among Diabetes mellitus patients shows that 77.6% in UK [6],48.27% in Mexican [7],23% in North India [8], 13.6% in Qatar [9], 8.7% to 21.4% in Leiden University [10], 52.1% in Allied Hospital, Faisalabad [11], 47% in JJM Medical college in Karnataka [12], 50% In Bardarabbas, Southern Iran [13],70.7% in Tehran, Iran [14], 43.4% in Iran [15],11.5% and 40.3% in Malaysia [16,17], 43.5% and 38.35% in Pakistan [18,19] and 39.5% in Nigeria [20]. Moreover, depression is independently associated with increased chronic complication among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Abstract Background: Both diabetes and depression are associated with premature morbidity and mortality, and when these conditions co-exist, the risk of developing co-morbidities, complications, patient suffering and associated cost, escalates.