The Narrow Margin of Successful Volcanic-Risk Mitigation

Abstract

Successful mitigation of volcanic risks requires correct forecasts, effective warnings, and a willingness of public officials and citizens to take necessary precautions. Volcanologists should be prepared for obstacles and delays at each step and should be aware that, even when progress is being made toward such forecasts, warnings, and precautionary actions, the margin of safety can be alarmingly narrow.