Stress on the Mediterranean outflow plume: part I. Velocity and water property measurements

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Abstract

In September 1988 six sections were occupied across the outflow plume in the Gulf of Cadiz within 100 km of the Strait of Gibraltar. CTD and velocity observations show that at the channel base, the plume undergoes geostrophic adjustment and turns northwest to flow along the continental slope. There it decelerates and spreads gradually down the slope as friction slows the current and allows it to cross isobaths. Within the plume, downstream velocity and density increase rapidly in the interfacial layer with depth to the velocity maximum, or nose, 5-150 m above the bottom. Below the nose, in the bottom layer, downstream velocity decreases rapidly toward the bottom, but the stratification is weak. Ekman-like veering occurs in the interfacial layer. The largest bottom stresses reach a mean of 5 Pa where the plume is flowing rapidly westward down a channel after exiting the strait, thinning, and accelerating. -from Authors

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Johnson, G. C., Sanford, T. B., & O’Neil Baringer, M. (1994). Stress on the Mediterranean outflow plume: part I. Velocity and water property measurements. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 24(10), 2072–2083. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1994)024<2072:SOTMOP>2.0.CO;2

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