Management of Saphenous Vein Graft Disease in Patients with Prior Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery

Abstract

Purpose of review: In this review, we summarize the pathogenesis of saphenous venous graft (SVG) failure in patients following coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. We also provide an update on various aspects of prevention and management of SVG failure. Recent findings: Application of perioperative measures and medical therapies to promote SVG patency is crucial to optimize clinical outcomes in patients following CABG. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of SVG disease is fraught with complications, with the highest risk being no-reflow and periprocedural myocardial infarction due to distal embolization of microemboli. Minimizing this risk with use of distal embolic protection when feasible and understanding the role of adjunctive pharmacotherapies is critical in reducing the risk of adverse cardiac events. Summary: The long-term patency of SVGs remains a contemporary challenge and is adversely affected by thrombotic occlusion, intimal fibrosis, and accelerated atherosclerosis. Prevention of SVG failure is multifactorial. Use of perioperative measures, medical therapies, and PCI techniques to promote SVG patency is vital to optimize outcomes in patients following CABG. Further prospective trials are needed to define the optimal medical and surgical therapy to maintain short- and long term SVG patency.