Drug Prices and Third Party Payment: Do They Influence Medication Selection?

Abstract

The growing burden of prescription drug costs has focused attention on factors which influence physicians’ prescribing decisions. We hypothesised that third party coverage of prescription costs would elicit selection of expensive drugs, but that this tendency could be moderated by price reminders. In a mailed survey, primary care physicians throughout Ontario (n = 1072) were provided with the clinical scenario of a patient with an infectious exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and asked to select diagnostic tests as well as 1 of 6 antibiotics. Two antibiotics were expensive (ciprolloxacin and cefaclor; average price $Can52.23). and 4 inexpensive [amoxicillin. couimoxazole (trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole), erythromycin and tetracycline; average price $Can2.80]. Neither expensive drug is considered first line therapy for the condition described. Questionnaires differed in the presence or absence of drug benefit coverage and price information. The response rate was 71 %. With third party cost coverage and prices shown, 18% of respondents selected an expensive antibiotic. This increased to 38% when the prices were omitted [odds ratio 2.72; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.61, 4.60; p < 0.001], and decreased to 8% when the patient was said to have no drug benefits coverage (odds ratio 0.40; 95% CI 0.19, 0.84; p < 0.01). On a control questionnaire in which neither cost coverage nor prices were specified. and in which respondents were asked to indicate the most appropriate antibiotic, 37% selected an expensive drug (relative to the version giving both prices and cost coverage: odds ratio 2.70; 95% CI 1.62, 4.53; P < 0.001). We conclude that inappropriate selection of expensive antibiotics is increased when the patient has full drug benefit coverage but reduced when physicians are reminded of drug prices. These results support assessment of a price-oriented educational intervention in an effort to reduce inappropriately expensive prescribing. © 1994, Adis International Limited. All rights reserved.