Esophageal cancer staging

Abstract

The concept of TNM cancer staging describing the anatomic extent of a cancer was developed by Pierre Denoix of the Cancer Institute Gustave-Roussy between 1943 and 1952. It is based on the principle that as the size of an untreated primary cancer(T) increases, fi rst regional lymph node metastases (N) and then distant metastases (M) become more frequent. Although introduced in 1953, it was not until 1968 that th fi rst cancer staging manual was published by the Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) and it included esophageal cancer.