Opiates and Marijuana Use During Pregnancy: Neurodevelopmental Outcomes

Abstract

Research regarding prenatal exposure to opioids and marijuana is fairly sparse in the current literature. While there is some evidence to suggest that such exposure is related to difficulties in cognition, executive functioning, memory, and initial challenges due to withdrawal, the long-term effects have not been fully explored. This poses some challenges in determining direct effects of opioid and marijuana prenatal exposure and the impact such exposure may have on school performance. Recommendations for prevention include increased awareness both for clinicians and parents, restricted access to prescription opioids for pregnant women, and early intervention strategies for children experiencing withdrawal or NAS. Further, increased attention to in utero exposure to opioids and marijuana in the literature is warranted. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)