Advanced Engineering Approaches in the Development of PLGA-Based Nanomedicines

Abstract

Most of the physical properties of materials are changed by changing the scale of the particles from micrometer to nanometer. One of the reasons for these changes is increasing the surface-to-volume ratio, and another one is changing the size of the moving object inside the territories in which quantum effects are ruling. In fact, the ratio of internal surface atoms increases, and the properties of the surface atoms rule over the internal atoms’ behavior. These changes affect the properties and interac- tion of the particles. Increasing the surface is an important factor in the proficiency of the catalysts. Also increasing the surface (shell surface) of the nanoparticles can enormously affect the interactions of the materials such as nanocomposites and can change the chemical, mechanical, and electrical properties of such materials. Considering the bigger size of nanoparticles in comparison to the wavelength of the visible light, they can be used in packaging applications, makeup techniques, adornment, and color coatings. According to the quantum effects or increasing the surface atoms, some of the properties of the nanoparticles may not be easily predictable. For example, it has been lately shown that the structures of the silicon nanoparticles are nanospherical with 40–100 nm diameter. These nanoparticles are not only harder than silicon but also as hard as diamond