Factors associated with tuberculosis treatment outcomes among TB patients aged 15 years and older at chawama level one hospital in Lusaka, Zambia

Abstract

Tuberculosis is a global health concern n impacting communities, health systems, and economies This study assessed the TB treatment outcomes among individuals aged 15+ at Chawama first level hospital in Lusaka, Zambia, using a retrospective design focussing on individuals notified in 2020. The sample was described using descriptive statistics. The Pearson Chi-square test and logistics regression were used to analyse the characteristics of the patients influencing the treatment outcomes at 5% significant level. Out of 404 participants, 83.4% of them had successful treatment outcomes. Varied outcomes were noted in sex, patient type, TB type, HIV status, and DOT plan, but lacked significance. Odds of success were lower by 72.4% for those aged 65+ compared to those aged 15–24 years (OR (95% CI): 0.276 (0.086–0.881), p =.030). Similarly, after adjusting for other variables, the odds of success were lower by 72.9% (AOR (95% CI): 0.271 (0.083–0.882), p =.030). This study yielded an encouraging 83.4% TB success rate highlighting the potential for improvement to meet WHO targets. Notably, individuals aged 65+ showed a distinct pattern with lower treatment success odds, suggesting a need for focussed interventions. Special attention to elderly patients and targeted TB program interventions are recommended.