EPR study of the toxicological effects of gas-phase cigarette smoke and the protective effects of grape seed extract on the mitochondrial membrane

Abstract

Electron paramagnetic resonance spin trapping and spin labeling techniques were used to study the effects of grape seed extract on the biophysical properties of the mitochondrial membrane exposed to gas-phase cigarette smoke. The spin trapping results indicated that grape seed extract can effectively scavenge free radicals in cigarette smoke and the lipid free radicals generated from the lipid peroxidation of mitochondrial membrane caused by gas-phase cigarette smoke. The spin labeling results showed that grape seed extract can protect the mitochondrial membrane from the toxicological damage caused by gas-phase cigarette smoke.