A premature increase in circulating cortisol suppresses expression of 11β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 messenger ribonucleic acid in the adrenal of the fetal sheep

Abstract

We have investigated the effect of intrafetal cortisol administration, before the normal prepartum cortisol surge, on the expression of 11β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11βHSD) type 2 mRNA in the fetal adrenal. We also determined whether increased fetal cortisol concentrations can stimulate growth of the fetal adrenal gland or increase expression of adrenal steroidogenic enzymes. Cortisol (hydrocortisone succinate: 2.0-3.0 mg in 4.4 ml/24 h) was infused into fetal sheep between 109 and 116 days of gestation (cortisol infused; n = 12), and saline was administered to control fetuses (saline infused; n = 13) at the same age. There was no effect of cortisol infusion on the fetal adrenal:body weight ratio (cortisol: 101.7 ± 5.3 mg/kg; saline: 108.2 ± 4.3 mg/kg). The ratio of adrenal 11βHSD-2 mRNA to 18S rRNA expression was significantly lower, however, in the cortisol-infused group (0.75 ± 0.02) compared with the group receiving saline (1.65 ± 0.14). There was no significant effect of intrafetal cortisol on the relative abundance of adrenal CYP11A1, CYP17, CYP21A1, and 3βHSD mRNA. A premature elevation in fetal cortisol therefore resulted in a suppression of adrenal 11βHSD-2. Increased intra-adrenal exposure to cortisol at this stage of gestation is, however, not sufficient to promote adrenal growth or steroidogenic enzyme gene expression.