Biofertilizers in Argentina

Abstract

The increase in the use of chemical fertilizers in extensive agriculture and the associated environmental consequences encourage the use of biofertilizers, formulations with beneficial viable microorganisms, selected to favor nutrition and/or promote the growth of plants. The biofertilizers marketed in Argentina are strains of rhizobia (Bradyrhizobium, Sinorhizobium), Azospirillum, and in a lesser proportion Pseudomonas and mycorrhizal fungi. The investigations are focused on biofertilizers for the main crops of Argentina such as soybeans, wheat, corn, alfalfa, and rice. The effect of biofertilizers on the productivity of crops presents variable results since it depends on numerous biotic and abiotic environmental factors. The quality of biofertilizers and the understanding of the multiple biological interactions that occur between introduced microorganisms, native organisms, and plants are essential to achieve an efficient and appropriate use in each crop and ecosystem.